Chlorine disinfection of recreational water for Cryptosporidium parvum.
نویسندگان
چکیده
We examined the effects of chlorine on oocyst viability, under the conditions of controlled pH and elevated calcium concentrations required for most community swimming pools. We found that fecal material may alter the Ct values (chlorine concentration in mg/L, multiplied by time in minutes) needed to disinfect swimming pools or other recreational water for Cryptosporidium parvum.
منابع مشابه
Inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum under chlorinated recreational water conditions.
Cryptosporidium is a chlorine-resistant protozoan parasite and the etiological agent in many disinfected recreational water outbreaks. While previous studies have reported disinfection Ct values for Cryptosporidium parvum using sodium hypochlorite, these studies have employed conditions and procedures which are not ideal for establishing public health remediation recommendations for chlorinated...
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Cyanuric acid is used to stabilize free chlorine to reduce photodegradation in outdoor swimming pools. While there have been numerous studies examining its effect on the disinfection rates of bacteria and viruses, it is not known whether cyanuric acid can significantly impact the effectiveness of hyperchlorination for inactivating Cryptosporidium oocysts present in fecally-contaminated swimming...
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Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts and Clostridium perfringens spores are very resistant to chlorine and other drinking-water disinfectants. Clostridium perfringens spores have been suggested as a surrogate indicator of disinfectant activity against Cryptosporidium parvum and other hardy pathogens in water. In this study, an alternative disinfectant system consisting of an electrochemically produce...
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Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia are two of the most chlorine resistant microorganisms with notable adverse effects on humans. Our study shows that waters containing these two protozoa at low concentrations can be efficiently disinfected in continuous flow by using a commercial fibrous ceramic TiO(2) photocatalyst. The efficiency of the photocatalytic disinfection is largely enhanced ...
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New and improved methods are needed to disinfect pathogens in treated wastewater, especially highly resistant ones like Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. In addition, new and improved methods are needed to detect pathogens and indicators for them in wastewater in order to monitor the efficacy of disinfection and other waste water treatment processes. Spores of the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium ...
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ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- Emerging Infectious Diseases
دوره 5 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 1999